OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

For each of the following questions, four alternatives are given for the answer. Only one of them is correct. Choose the correct alternative.

1. Which has discouraged the growth of class system?
   (a) The miserable economic condition of people
   (b) Decline in town life.
   (c) Limited commercial operations.
   (d) All

2. What made a quick development of classes possible in the 19th century?
   (a) The administration of East India Company, among other things was interested in commerce and this brought into existence the classes connected with commerce directly or indirectly.
   (b) The British interest demanded the introduction of English language etc., and this in consequence gave birth to the new classes.
   (c) The improved means of communication and transport, and the technological development in the various field of activities.
   (d) All

3. It has been held by some sociologists that for the development of classes, there must be marked differences in the constituent parts of the population. There should be among the parts limited or no communication, and the society on the whole should not be enlightened. The rate of change especially in the heterogeneous society is slow. Who amongst the following supports this line of thought?
   (a) Ogburn and Nimkoff
   (b) Lundberg
   (c) Raymond W. Murray
   (d) C.H. Cooley

4. Which involves the class conflict?
   (a) Special legislation enforced to eliminate untouchability.
   (b) Social legislation to remove the disabilities of the groups.
   (c) Special legislation for the Tribal welfare.
   (d) Opposition to the special legislation for weaker classes in the Society.

5. Which statement is not correct about class?
   (a) That class distinction is not necessarily based on possession of property.
   (b) The distinction is based on birth.
   (c) Causes of social stratification are varied.
   (d) Karl Marx gives too simple explanation, to explain a very complex problem of Sociology.

6. What is not the characteristic of class distinction?
   (a) Members of a class are of common origin.
   (b) They maintain a sense of equality amongst themselves.
   (c) They have a common attitude towards others who may be considered inferior or superior by them.
   (d) Their manner of living is distinct from others.

7. The class distinction may not be :
   (a) By virtue of one’s birth.
   (b) Due to the acquisition of wealth.
   (c) Due to one’s position in one’s occupation.
   (d) Due to expanding economy, gives mobility to the society and the class system follows. No single criterion can be laid down to determine the status and prestige of a person.

8. The concepts : Children of the Soil, the minority interest etc., are :
   (a) Derogatory to the National Interest.
   (b) Anti-national in character.
   (c) Indicative of the lack of social mobility.
   (d) The sign of class consciousness.

9. Is Indian society static ?
   (a) Yes
   (b) No
   (c) The development of castes and subcastes hindered its development
   (d) Classes did exist in the Indian society.

10. Under the constitution which guarantees social, religious and political equality, class consciousness cannot be derogatory to the national interest. Which among the following statements you think is not correct ?
    (a) Social mobility remaining guaranteed the danger of challenging the authority is eliminated.
    (b) Those who may come to the top amongst the unprivileged, will find themselves holding the status.
    (c) The social mobility will weaken the class consciousness.
    (d) The social mobility legislation alone can be the real source of danger to the state.

11. Mark out the wrong statement about caste :
    (a) One can choose a caste.
    (b) One cannot move out of the caste but one may move out of class.
    (c) Casteism hinders the working of democracy.
    (d) Casteism has generally hindered the social mobility.

12. The book ‘Races and Cultures of India’ is written by :
    (a) D.N. Majumdar
    (b) K.M. Kapadia
    (c) T.B. Bottomore
    (d) M.N. Prabhu

13. Which statement is correct about class consciousness ?
    (a) It is factional in character.
    (b) It is manipulated by the upstart leader.
    (c) It is a sentiment that just determines the conduct of individuals.
    (d) It is a corporate consciousness.

14. The higher the class one belongs to, the lesser is the “Pretence,because there is less to pretend to. This is the chief reason why ourmanners are better than low persons.” To whom among the followingyou attribute these words?
    (a) MacIver
    (b) Westermarck
    (c) Fraces Pelham
    (d) Carr-Saunders

15. Which of the following articles of the constitution of India makes aprovision of that “in the states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, there shall be Minister-in-charge of Tribal welfare who may in addition be in-charge of the welfare of the scheduled castes and backward classes or any other work”?
    (a) 370
    (b) 164
    (c) 279
    (d) 357

16. Mark the correct statement about caste:
    (a) Social stratification within the caste remains limited, as oneremains bound by caste consideration.
    (b) Under class stratification, social mobility is not bound by classlimitation.
    (c) Caste is strictly endogamous.
    (d) All

17. Which among the following statements you think is not correct?
    (a) Prestige comes to the things when upper class owns it.Manufactured goods once used by the‘upper class’, these willgain credibility.
    (b) On joining a high class vocation, prestige comes to theindividual. ‘B’ coming from humble stock will gain status if hebecomes a doctor or a high class professional.
    (c) Hindi can easily pick up once the elites accept it as the vehicle ofexpression.
    (d) Culture percolation will make the society classless.

18. In ancient India, formal instruction was provided by:
    (a) Family elders
    (b) Kshatriyas
    (c) Brahmins
    (d) Religion

19. Which one of the following has helped the process of westernization?
    (a) Non-vegetarianism
    (b) Education
    (c) Migration to urban areas
    (d) Becoming rich

20. Untouchables are not coming forward because of:
    (a) Illiteracy
    (b) Traditional mind
    (c) Lack of knowledge
    (d) Their inferiority complex

21. The solution of the untouchability is to:
    (a) Improve economic studies.
    (b) Improve the social studies.
    (c) Remove it from the society.
    (d) Give better educational opportunities.

22. Untouchability can be removed by:
    (a) Legislation
    (b) Education
    (c) Force
    (d) Clarifying the attitudes

23. Caste system promotes :
    (a) Educational equality
    (b) Social frustration
    (c) Social irresponsibility
    (d) Social integration

24. Untouchability is a :
    (a) Resultant of caste system
    (b) Prevailing fact
    (c) Concept
    (d) Matter of unhealthy people

25. Untouchability is a :
    (a) Process
    (b) Kind of life
    (c) Sociological problem
    (d) Physical attitude

26. Untouchables may come forward when :
    (a) Govt. takes interest to improve their poverty.
    (b) They refine their mind.
    (c) People recognize themselves
    (d) They become educated.

27. The word ‘Caste’ is derived from :
    (a) Latin
    (b) English
    (c) French
    (d) Sanskrit

28. The book ‘Caste in Modern India and Other Essays’ is written by :
    (a) Durkheim
    (b) M.N. Srinivas
    (c) S. Radhakrishnan
    (d) G.S. Ghurye

29. The Caste Disabilities Removal Act was passed in the year :
    (a) 1812
    (b) 1832
    (c) 1850
    (d) 1948

30. One of the demerits of the Indian caste system is that it is detrimental to :
    (a) National integration
    (b) Social security
    (c) The existence of society
    (d) The religion

31. In the Hindu Society, the Varna-system was developed on the basis of :
    (a) Literacy
    (b) Religious thinking
    (c) Economic conditions
    (d) Innate talents and attitudes of persons.

32. Which one of the following factors is quite potent in the disintegration of the caste system ?
    (a) Fixed occupations
    (b) Untouchability
    (c) Undemocratic affairs
    (d) Modernisation

33. Untouchability Act was passed in the year :
    (a) 1935
    (b) 1948
    (c) 1951
    (d) 1955

34. The ‘Sudras’ were allotted the duties of :
    (a) Teaching
    (b) Defence of society
    (c) Trade and commerce
    (d) Service

35. Caste can be classified as :
    (a) Secondary group
    (b) Ethnic group
    (c) Religious group
    (d) Religious group

36. The most important crusade against untouchability in India was launched by :
    (a) Mahatma Gandhi
    (b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
    (c) B.R. Ambedkar
    (d) Ramakrishna Paramhansa

37. The most adverse condition to casteism in India is :
    (a) Modern education
    (b) Industrialization
    (c) Over-population
    (d) Rising prices

38. Which of the following is mainly responsible for the emergence of untouchability in Indian social context?
    (a) Family
    (b) Religion
    (c) Culture
    (d) Caste

39. Punishing the vicious, non-flight from the battle-fields, looking after the welfare of the people, and performing the stipulated rites of the castes, are the specific duties of the :
    (a) Sudras
    (b) Kshatriyas
    (c) Brahmins
    (d) Vaishyas

40. The caste is defined as “a hereditary, endogamous, unusually localized group, having traditional association with an occupation, and a particular position in the local hierarchy of cases” by :
    (a) G.S. Ghurye
    (b) M.N. Srinivas
    (c) K.M. Kapadia
    (d) P.N. Prabhu

41. Which Article of the Constitution prohibits traffic in human beings and forced labour ?
    (a) Art. 39
    (b) Art. 15
    (c) Art. 14
    (d) Art. 23

42. Mark out the passage by which the Mediterranean, Later Mediterranean and the Proto-Australoids came into this country :
    (a) By sea
    (b) By the North Western passage
    (c) Through the Himalayan passes
    (d) By the North Eastern passes

43. Which amendment to the Constitution provides for special representation in the Lok Sabha and state legislative assembly to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes till 25 January 2000 ?
    (a) 59th Amendment
    (b) 6th Amendment
    (c) 61st Amendment
    (d) 62nd Amendment

44. Under which Article of the Constitution, Hindu religious institutions of public character have been thrown open by law to all classes and sections of Hindus ?
    (a) Art. 25 b.
    (b) Art. 15(2)
    (c) Art. 23
    (d) Art. 46

45. Which Article of the Constitution promises to promote educational and economic interest of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes ?
    (a) Art. 46
    (b) Art. 15
    (c) Art. 325
    (d) Art. 336

46. Which Article of the Constitution provides for removal of any disability, liability, restriction or condition with regard to access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment or use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partially out of state funds or dedicated to the use of general public ?
    (a) Art. 25(b)
    (b) Art. 15(2)
    (c) Art. 46
    (d) Art. 17

47. Which Article of the Constitution provides for abolition of untouchability and forbidding of its practice in any form ?
    (a) Art. 46
    (b) Art. 17
    (c) Art. 15
    (d) Art. 39

48. Which Article of the Constitution provides that the claims of the members of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes shall be taken into consideration, consistently with the maintenance of efficiency of administration, in making appointments to services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of a State ?
    (a) Art. 335
    (b) Art. 340
    (c) Art. 345
    (d) Art. 350

49. Which Article of the Constitution provides for reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of People ?
    (a) Art. 332
    (b) Art. 825
    (c) Art. 330
    (d) Art. 338

50. Which racial groups are said to have come from the North Western passes ?
    (a) Negritos
    (b) Alpines
    (c) Nordic
    (d) All

51. Which Article of the Constitution emphasizes the special position of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes ?
    (a) Art. 46
    (b) Art. 330
    (c) Art. 332
    (d) All

52. Reservations of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House people and in the Legislative Assemblies of the State was initially made for :
    (a) Ten years
    (b) Twenty years
    (c) Thirty years
    (d) Forty years

53. Mark out the racial group, that is said to have come from the North Eastern side :
    (a) Proto-Australoids
    (b) Mediterranean
    (c) Later Mediterranean
    (d) Mongoloid

54. To whom do you attribute this statement : “Yet, strange to say, all or nearly all, who have sought to explain the differentiation of the population of India into racial types have sought solution of this problem outside the Peninsula. They have never attempted to ascertain how far India has bred her own races ...”?
    (a) Arther Keith
    (b) B.S. Guha
    (c) J.H. Hutton
    (d) D.G. Mandelbaum

55. Mark out the correct statement about the origin of Totemism.
    (a) It originated with the Veddids.
    (b) It originated from the Munda speaking people.
    (c) It originated from Palaemongoloid Austroasiatics.
    (d) It is a universal tribal practice.

56. “The Ramayana deals with the conflict of The Aryans with the then natives of India and the latter's Aryanisation. The Mahabharata accommodated the beliefs and teachings of the various tribes, and was the first major literary creation to be attractive to all the peoples of India”. To whom do you attribute the statement ?
    (a) A.L. Kroeber
    (b) Richard Lannoy
    (c) M. Marriott
    (d) S.S. Sarkar

57. Mark out the author of the statement : "The languages of these tribal groups of Peninsular India belong primarily to two stocks the Munda or Kherwari and the Dravidian. The Munda speaking tribes, such as the Ho, Kharia, Munda and Santhal are restricted in their distribution to Chotanagpur Plateau and surrounding areas, while the major habitat of the Dravidian speaking tribes, such as the Gond, Khond, Bison Horn, Reddi, Kadar etc., is in Central and Southern India. A few tribes again like the Bhil of Central India and the Bhumij of Manbhum, have used Indo-Aryan language in place of their original tongue for quite some time."
    (a) S.S. Sarkar
    (b) A.L. Kroeber
    (c) M. Marriot
    (d) Surajit Sinha

58. What is not a characteristic of Totem ?
    (a) Totem is taken to be related to members of the Tribe.
    (b) It implies a sense of unity among the tribal group.
    (c) Totem is believed to protect the social group.
    (d) The Totem group observes the rule of endogamy.

59. To whom do you attribute the following statement ? "In the absence of dateble fossils human remains, and adequate cultural data, we are not yet in a position to take too definite a stand on this controversial issue, particularly with reference to the chronological aspect of it"?
    (a) S.S. Sarkar
    (b) Surajit Sinha
    (c) M. Marriott
    (d) John Marshall

60. To whom do you attribute the statement : "The use of the Aryan-Dravidian ethnic dichotomy in the analysis of modern Indian ethnic composition has no scientific basis except in a linguistic sense" ?
    (a) Surajit Sinha
    (b) M. Marriott
    (c) S.S. Sarkar
    (d) Richard Lannoy

61. Who has used the term "Veddid" for the Dravidian speaking tribes like Kanikkar, Muthuvan Paniyan, Sholga, Chenchu, Kadar and the Malsav ?
    (a) S.S. Sarkar
    (b) A.L. Kroeber
    (c) Sir John Marshall
    (d) M. Marriott

62. To whom do you attribute the statement : "The next group to enter India were probably the Palaemongoloid Austroasiatics from the North-East, who are still concentrated in the Assam hills and the North-East-Frontier Agency, though some penetrated to Bihar and Orissa. These are the Munda speaking tribal groups of today"?
    (a) M. Marriott
    (b) A.L. Kroeber
    (c) Richard Lannoy
    (d) Rudolph and Rudolph

63. To whom do you attribute the statement : "The entire course of Indian history shows tribal elements being fused into a general society" ?
    (a) D.D. Kosambi
    (b) Robert Redfield
    (c) M. Marriott
    (d) S.S. Sarkar

64. What is not characteristic of a clan ?
    (a) It is unilateral
    (b) It has an accepted ancestor
    (c) It is exogamous
    (d) The exogamous restriction on marriage is not binding.

65. What is a basic difference between tribe and caste ?
    (a) Caste is not complete society, tribe is.
    (b) Tribe and caste both are complete society.
    (c) Caste is a complete society, tribe is not.
    (d) Both tribe and caste are incomplete society.

66. Mark the element that differentiates community from clan :
    (a) 'We' feeling.
    (b) Community discipline.
    (c) Group of People.
    (d) Fixed geographical area

67. Status and rank characterise the members of :
    (a) A tribe
    (b) Caste
    (c) Both
    (d) Neither

68. Who held that the Hinduized tribals borrow the name of Brahmanic gotra?
    (a) Robert Redfield
    (b) S.S. Sarkar
    (c) Richard Lannoy
    (d) Levi-Strauss

69. Mark out the characteristic that does not belong to horde :
    (a) It is migratory.
    (b) It has no totem.
    (c) It has solidarity.
    (d) It is agricultural.

70. "...rural (i.e., caste) India is a primitive or a tribal society rearranged to fit a civilization. This is the observation by :
    (a) S.S. Sarkar
    (b) D.D. Kosambi
    (c) G.S. Ghurye
    (d) Robert Redfield

71. What does not characterise the Totem ?
    (a) The totem group feels that they are bound by kinship.
    (b) On the death of the animal of totem, full mourning is observed.
    (c) The Tribe takes the totem as its protector.
    (d) The honour to the totem is shown sacrificing it.

72. Attributes of political association are found in :
    (a) Caste
    (b) Tribe
    (c) Both
    (d) Neither

73. Marriage by test, called Golgadhedo is common among some tribals. Who among the following accept this practice ?
    (a) Bhil
    (b) Birhor
    (c) Kuki
    (d) Oraon

74. Who said, "By totemism I mean .......... an intimate relation supposed to exist between a group of kindred people on the one side and species of natural or artificial objects on the other side, or expressed more psychologically, the self-projection of a social unit in a natural unit" ?
    (a) Geza Roheim
    (b) J.V. Ferreira
    (c) Robert Redfield
    (d) Richard Lannoy

75. Mark out what is not an attribute of horde :
    (a) Horde is bound by religious sentiment.
    (b) Horde has a stronger sense of unity.
    (c) Horde does not stay at one place.
    (d) On the increase of its numerical strength, horde becomes a tribe.

76. Dowry system among the tribes :
    (a) Does not exist.
    (b) It is not common.
    (c) It is a matter of bargain.
    (d) In some tribes it is a well established practice.

77. Mark out what you think is not the characteristic of Adelphic or fraternal polyandry :
    (a) Woman married to the eldest brother in a family, is taken to be the wife of all other brothers.
    (b) On a younger brother marrying another woman, the rights of the elder brother remain binding on the wife of the second brother.
    (c) The woman that the younger brother marries, is generally the sister of the wife of elder brother.
    (d) The wife is free to choose her husbands from among the males other than her husband's brother.

78. Mark out the tribe where the non-fraternal polyandry is in existence :
    (a) Kot of Kerala
    (b) Khasi tribe
    (c) Toda of Nilgiri
    (d) Nayars of Malabar

79. Name the form of marriage where parents of the girl are paid compensation, if the marriage does not materialise within the prescribed period :
    (a) Sororate
    (b) Levirate
    (c) Rajikhushi
    (d) Probationary

80. Who said, "The idea of animal 'vehicles' for Hindu deities and animal incarnations is probably totemic, as are trees and snake worship, 'tree marriages' performed among both tribes and higher castes, and the numerous instances in Puranic myths of animals who give birth to human beings or vice versa" ?
    (a) B.S. Guha
    (b) J.H. Hutton
    (c) M. Marriott
    (d) Richard Lannoy

81. In the marriage by purchase, price is paid :
    (a) As the price of the girl.
    (b) The price for the usefulness of the girl.
    (c) As a compensation to the parents.
    (d) As a utility and compensation charge.

82. Mark out the important reason that sustained practice of fraternal polyandry :
    (a) The fear that geographical diversity and physical distance may generate.
    (b) The feeling that strangers, if taken as spouses may be dangerous.
    (c) The desire to retain the cultural and linguistic identity.
    (d) Economic expediency.

83. One desirous of divorcing one's wife makes his intention known to the Panchayat, and makes the symbolic declaration by giving a piece of cloth from his turban to his wife; this done, the woman hangs it from the house of his father declaring thereby herself free from the marital bond and her willingness to marry again. Mark out the tribe where this practice is followed :
    (a) Lushai of Assam
    (b) Korawa of Mirzapur
    (c) The Bhils
    (d) Santhals

84. The tribal institution, the village youth-dormitory, called Ghotul, among the Muria has been variously described. Mark out the true importance of the institution :
    (a) It has club like importance.
    (b) It is a self governing commune to train the youth for social and economic duties.
    (c) It creates a psychological attitude favourable to the stability of marriage.
    (d) All of these

85. Which is the theory behind the rebirth ?
    (a) Belief in Karma.
    (b) Rebirth belief is traditionally inculcated.
    (c) Rebirth is due to the laws of evolution and devolution.
    (d) Rebirth is based on the concept of the unity of life.

86. Which is not an element of tribal religion ?
    (a) Belief in the immortality of soul.
    (b) Belief in the rebirth of soul.
    (c) Belief in the supernatural.
    (d) Belief in the heaven.

87. A wife, on being divorced on the ground of deserting her husband or adultery, has to return to her husband the bride price paid to her at the time of her marriage, and in case the husband divorces her on the grounds of his won, he has to pay the remaining bride price to the woman's part. Mark out the tribe, where this practice is followed :
    (a) Kashi tribe
    (b) Santhals
    (c) Lushai of Assam
    (d) Nayars

88. Which is an element in tribal religion ?
    (a) Belief in hell.
    (b) The reward for the moral act.
    (c) Punishment for the immoral act.
    (d) The ancestral worship.

89. Name the tribe in which the most divorced woman is most respected :
    (a) Lushai of Assam
    (b) Korawa of Mirzapur
    (c) Khasi tribe
    (d) Santhals

90. Mark out the reason for the observance of endogamy :
    (a) The feeling of common blood, discouraged the members to marry amongst themselves.
    (b) The practice of female infanticide necessitates that they should find women from outside the group.
    (c) The desire of novelty as Risley calls it.
    (d) All.

91. Who said, "Aesthetically, the youth dormitory served tribal India as Sanskrit drama and the cave sanctuary served classical India; socially, it was of fundamental importance, and caste society had no equivalent institution" ?
    (a) Richard Lannoy
    (b) MacIver
    (c) Bergel
    (d) H.T. Majumdar

92. The tribal religion does not include :
    (a) Raising of temples.
    (b) Image worship.
    (c) The intimate relationship between Natural, Supernatural and Man.
    (d) Non-violence

93. In which tribe, brother-in-law has a special status ?
    (a) Khasas
    (b) Khasis
    (c) Garos
    (d) Gond

94. Which among the following factors influence the social organisation of the villages ?
    (a) The caste system
    (b) Its closeness to the town.
    (c) The existence of good means communication and transport.
    (d) All

95. The joint family system in the village continues to exist. Mark out the reason that does not explain its survival :
    (a) Villagers are tradition bound.
    (b) They have deep faith in the family bonds.
    (c) Their works demand an integrated local effort.
    (d) It survives since the village community is not civilised enough to discard it.

96. Who said, "A tribe is a collection of families bearing a common name, speaking a common dialect, occupying or professing to occupy a common territory and is not usually endogamous though originally it might have been so" ?
    (a) Lewis Gillin
    (b) D.N. Majumdar
    (c) G.P. Murdock
    (d) Bogardus

97. In which tribe, the youngest daughter is in charge of the family religion ?
    (a) Khasi
    (b) Garos
    (c) Khasas
    (d) Birhore

98. For long, villages have remained isolated and their economy self-sufficient, because :
    (a) Villages are insular.
    (b) They remain connected with their lot.
    (c) Slow means of transport and communication
    (d) It was due to disinterestedness of the powers that were and due to the lack of local leadership

99. Peace and simplicity characterise the village life, because of :
    (a) The unambitious character of the village.
    (b) Their ignorance of the world outside.
    (c) The blind faith in the traditions.
    (d) They take their vocations as the way of life.

100. The relations of village community with their neighbours are generally intimate. Mark out the reason that does not explain it well :
     (a) The nature of vocation necessitates a deep sense of interdependence.
     (b) The possibility of external danger makes them value the neighbourliness.
     (c) The close interdependence compensates them for the absence of movement and speed in the village
     (d) In small isolated communities, the community feeling is always deepest.

101. Which is, "A force altogether distinct from physical power, which acts in all kinds of ways for good and evil and which is of the greatest advantage of possess or control" ?
     (a) Totem
     (b) Mana
     (c) Magic
     (d) Naturalism

102. By which of the following name, the institution of Youth Dormitory is not known ?
     (a) Machong
     (b) Ghotul
     (c) Morung
     (d) Kinchur

103. The inhabitants of the villagers, which are closer to the towns are more forward looking than those living in the interior, because :
     (a) Towns provide markets for the village products.
     (b) The unemployed in the village can find work in the city and this contributes to the village economy.

104. The village isolation was ended by :
     (a) Development of means of transport and communication.
     (b) The expansion of literacy.
     (c) Role of the politics.
     (d) Freedom of the country and the setting up of the democratic institutions.

105. In which tribe, parents appoint one of their daughters as heir nokna ?
     (a) Khasas
     (b) Khasis
     (c) Garos
     (d) Gond

106. What is the importance of Panchayat system ?
     (a) It makes possible the participation of the village community in the working of the body politic.
     (b) It encourages initiative and enterprise for the common good at the local level.
     (c) It gives individuality, character and a sense of responsibility of the village community.
     (d) All of these

107. Mark out the vital difference between the ancient and the modern Panchayat system ?
     (a) Modern panchayat, like its ancient predecessor, is an organ of local administration.
     (b) Modern panchayats, like the ancient one looks after the local affairs.
     (c) The community sense is common to both.
     (d) The modern panchayat is subject to the considerable control of the government. The ancient panchayat was totally autonomous.

108. The temple in a village has the importance of :
     (a) It is a place of individual and family worship.
     (b) It is a place of community worship.
     (c) It is the place to celebrate the festivals.
     (d) All.

109. The non-religious matter connected with a village temple is :
     (a) It is an educational centre for the children and for the adults.
     (b) It is a place where discussions on matters of social importance are held.
     (c) It is a centre of physical education as close to it are the gymnasia.
     (d) All

110. Superstition and every thing else connected with it greatly influence the villager and he sticks to it, because :
     (a) He is orthodox.
     (b) He is ignorant.
     (c) In his helplessness he draws confidence from it.
     (d) He is illiterate and ignorant of his true heritage.

111. Much that is said about the religious belief of the people in villages is no less true about the non-villagers. It is specially said about the people in villages because :
     (a) The villagers are illiterate.
     (b) They are insular.
     (c) They are considered by many as rustic.
     (d) The villagers are not sophisticated.

112. Which was not the function of the ancient Panchayat ?
     (a) To advise the king in day-to-day matter of administration.
     (b) To look after the local matters, including the collection of revenue.
     (c) To provide the public facility.
     (d) To provide in all matters cooperation to the local people and to invite the same in working out of the local problems.

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